Turner Turns (1) Credit Creation
The London School of Economics makes its public lectures available on MP3. Some interesting lectures are available. I have just listened to a talk given by Adair Turner at the London School of Economics called Creating Money – For What Purpose.
Adair Turner was the Chairman of the United Kingdom Financial Services Authority when the financial crisis broke in September 2008, and played a leading role in the redesign of the global banking and shadow banking regulation. He is now a Senior Fellow of the Institute for New Economic Thinking.
Apart from his accent, Adair Turner is an excellent communicator. This talk is a easy-to-understand summary of the latest thinking of economists about Monetary Policy. There is a basic flaw in this thinking, but it is good to understand how economists and central bankers are responding to the Global Economic Crisis. The comments are a summary of more detailed talks given at Frankfurt and Stockholm.
Credit creation by Banks
Turner began his talk by explaining the role of banks. He says,
Banks do not intermediate already existing money. The create money and credit ex nihilo de novo. When a bank makes a loan, it puts the loan on the asset side of its balance sheet. At the same time, it puts the money in the borrowers account. At that point, they have created money and credit. There may be constraints on how much due to the need for reserves at the central bank or to maintain equity.
This is very different from the standard textbook explanation of money creation. It is good to get this clarified.
The critical thing that created the credit is maturity transformation. If the tenor of the deposit and the loan was the same, nothing has happened. If both are instantaneous, nothing is achieved. If the borrower has a loan for a year that is available now, maturity transformation has occurred and money is created.
Turner says that the benefit of private credit creation is that is disciplined by the market, which allows credit to be allocated efficiently.
Orthodoxy says that if the interest rate is set to equal the natural rate of interest, the right amount of credit will be produced.